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A world history of citrus, from the art of classical antiquity to the science of the modern era. Mandarin, citron, pomelo, bergamot, kumquat… Citrus traces the history of today’s global superfood from its cultivation in the ancient world from just a handful of original ‘wild’ species, via Arab trade routes, the noble collectors of medieval Europe, imperial conquerors on the high seas, and merchants risking ruin for the highest-value fruit crop ever known. The story of citrus permeates human history, as recorded in the literature and art of civilisations from antiquity to the present day. When Alexander the Great’s army swept over the Persian Empire, they found the citron: the first citrus fruit known in the West. During the Napoleonic wars, British ships carried lemons and limes to protect their sailors against scurvy: the ‘Limeys’ ruled the waves. As the citrus trade grew in importance in the nineteenth century, the Sicilian Mafia was established among citrus farmers, protecting their crops and their livelihoods. From the art of the Renaissance to modern advertising and graphic design, this richly illustrated, invigorating cultural history reveals how these extraordinary, life-giving fruits have flavoured, scented, healed and coloured our world.