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Assessing the trajectory of China's higher education system amid competing domestic priorities and global ambitions. By 2025, China had twice as many college students as the United States, four times as many STEM graduates, and double the number of STEM PhDs. What will it mean for the global future when a quarter of a billion Chinese citizens hold higher education degrees? In this timely book, Gerard A. Postiglione—an internationally recognized authority on Chinese education—offers a panoramic view of the world's largest state-directed higher education system and its complex interplay with China's social, economic, and geopolitical ambitions. At the center of Postiglione's analysis is the tension between domestic imperatives and global aspirations. As China aims to cultivate a world-significant higher education system by 2035, it faces a trio of formidable challenges: graduate employment, equitable access, and governance reform. Higher Education in China unpacks how elite Chinese research institutions and rapidly expanding second- and third-tier colleges are navigating these pressures amid a shifting landscape shaped by urban-rural inequality, labor market demands, and technological disruption. Based on policy consultation with China's Ministry of Education and on-the-ground research in nearly every province, Postiglione's account brings unmatched depth and perspective. He traces how returnee scholars, massification policies, and regional development initiatives have transformed campuses and classrooms, while also posing difficult questions about sustainability, quality, and inclusion. Higher Education in China illustrates how the country's evolving academic system may influence its long-term trajectory—and, by extension, reshape the global order of knowledge and innovation.